Adverse Health Effects of Chlorination

 

Chlorine poisoning at the swimming pool revisited; anatomy of two minidisasters.  Decker, W.J., 1988, Veterinary and Human Toxicology; 30(6) p584-585

 

Explosion risk from swimming pool chlorinators and review of chlorine toxicity. Martinez, T.T., Long, C., 1995, Journal of Toxicology; 33(4) p349-354

 

Swimming pool chlorination: A health hazard? Aiking, H., Van Acker, M.B., Scholten, R.J., et al., 1994, Toxicology Letters; 72(1-3) p375-380

 

Illnesses in relation to swimming pool visits – conclusions of a survey. Botzenhart, K., Kampe, A.A., Streib, R., 1988, Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg; 186(2) p118-137

 

Irritating effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pools. Erdinger, L., Kirsch, F., Sonntag, H.G., 1998, Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed; 20(5-6) p491-503

 

Influence of free residual chlorine on the skin in swimming pools. Takayanagi, Y., Nagaya, Y., Matsumoto, Y., Ohashi, M., 1994, Japanese Journal of Clinical Opthalmology; 48(5) p843-846

 

Allergic contact dermatitis from chlorinated swimming pool water. Sasseville, D., Geoffrion, G., Lowry, R.N., 1999, Contact Dermatitis; 41(6) p347-348

 

Erythema multiforme following swimming in a chlorinated pool. Leung, A., 1985, Journal of the National Medical Association; 77(1) p13

 

Swimming and the risk of cutaneous melanoma. Nelemans, P.J., Rampen, F.H., Kiemeney, L.A. et al., 1994, Melanoma Research; 4(5) p281-286

 

Reactivation of oral-lingual herpes by chlorinated swimming pool water. Detweiler, M.B, Barelli, A., 1997, Cutis; 59(5) p260

 

Chlorine inhalation toxicity from vapors generated by swimming pool chlorinator tablets. Wood, B.R, Colombo, J.L., Benson, B.E., 1987, Pediatrics; 79(3) p427-430

 

Factors associated with respiratory problems in swimmers. Potts, J., 1996, Sports Medicine; 21(4) p256-261

 

Increased sensitization to aeroallergens in competitive swimmers. Zwick, H., Popp, W., Budk, G., et al., 1990, Lung; 168(2) p111-115

 

Swimming-induced asthma. Fjellbirkeland, L., Gulsvik, A., Walloe, A., 1995, Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen; 115(17) p2051-2053

 

Hazards of chlorine to asthmatic patients. Rothery, S.P., 1991, British Journal of General Practice; 41(342) p39

 

Evaluation of mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of brominated and chlorinated acetonitriles: by-products of chlorination. Bull, R.J., Meier, J.R., Robinson, M., et al., 1985, Fundamental of Applied Toxicology; 5(6) p1065-1074

 

Genotoxic properties of haloacetonitriles: drinking water by-products of chlorine disinfection. Daniel, F.B., Schenck, K.M., Mattox, J.K., et al., 1986, Fundamental of Applied Toxicology; 6(3) p447-453

Analysis of in vivo and in vitro DNA strand breaks from trihalomethane exposure, Geter DR, Chang LW, Hanley NM, Ross MK, Pegram RA, DeAngelo AB., J Carcinog. 2004 Feb 17;3(1):2.

 

Assessment of the carcinogenic potential of chlorinated water; Experimental studies of chlorine, chloramines and trihalomethanes.  Dunnick, J.K., Melnick, R.L., 1993, Journal of the Cancer Institute; 85(10) p817-822

 

Exposure to chlorination by-products from hot water uses. Weisel, C.P., Chen, W.J., 1994, Risk Analyses; 14(1) p101-106

 

Plasma chloroform concentration in swimmers using indoor swimming pools. Aggazzotti, G., Fantuzzi, G., tartoni, P.L., Predieri, G., 1990, Archives of Environmental Health; 45(3) p175-179

 

Estimates of cancer risk from chloroform exposure during showering in Taiwan. Kuo, H.W., Chiang, T.F., Lo, I.I., et al., 1998, Science of the Total Environment; 218(1) p1-7

 

Uptake of chlorination disinfection by-products; a review and a discussion of its implications for exposure assessment in epidemiological studies. Nieuwenhuijsen, M.J., Toledano, M.B., Elliott, P., 2000, Journal of Expository Annals of Environmental Epidemiology; 10(6) p586-599

 

Trihalomethane concentrations in swimmers’ and bath attendants’ blood and urine after swimming or working in indorr swimming pools. Cammann, K., Hubner, K., 1995, Archives of Environmental Health; 50(1) p61-65

 

Blood and breath analyses as biological indicators of exposure to trihalomethanes in indoor swimming pools. Aggazzotti, G., Fantuzzi, G., Righi, E., Predieri, G., 1998, Science of the Total Environment; 217(1-2)

 

Alveolar breath sampling and analysis to assess trihalomethane exposures during competitive swimming training. Lindstrom, A.B., Pleil, J.D., Berkoff, D.C., 1997, Environmental Health Perspectives; 105(6) p636-642

 

Safe drinking water: a public health challenge. Wigle, D.T., 1998, Chronic Disease Canada; 19(3) p103-107

 

Chemical contamination of water supplies. Shy, C.M., 1985, Environmental Health Perspectives; 62 p399-406

 

Chlorination, chlorination by-products and cancer: a meta-analysis. Morris, R.D., Audet, A.M., Angelillo, I.F., et al., 1992, American Journal of Public Health; 82(7) p955-963

 

Drinking water chlorination by-products and cancer. Koivusalo, M., Vartiainen, T., 1997, Environmental Health Reviews; 12(2) p81-90

 

Chlorination of drinking water and cancer incidence.  Suarez-Varela, M.M., Llopis Gonzalez, A., et al., 1994, Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology; 13(1) p39-41

 

Water chlorination: essential process or cancer hazard? Bull, R.J., Birnbaum, L.S., Rose, J.B., et al., 1995, Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology; 28(2) p155-166

 

Drinking water and cancer. Cantor, K.P., 1997, Cancer Causes Control; 8(3) p292-308

 

Drinking water and cancer. Morris, R.D., 1995, Environmental Health Perspectives; 103(8) p225-231

 

Chlorination of drinking water and cancer mortality in Taiwan. Yang, C.Y., Chiu, H.F., Cheng, M.F., Tsai, S.S., 1998, Environmental Research; 78(1) p1-6

 

Drinking water chlorination and cancer – a historical cohort study in Finland. Koivusalo, M., Pukkala, E., Vartiainen, T. et al., 1997, Cancer Causes Control; 8(2) p192-200

 

 

The association of drinking water source and chlorination by-products with cancer incidence among postmenopausal women in Iowa: a prospective cohort study. Doyle, T.J., Zheng, W., Cerhan, J.R., et al., 1997, American Journal of Public Health; 87(7) p1168-1176

 

Drinking water mutagenicity and leukemia, lymphomas and cancers of the liver, pancreas and soft tissue. Koivusalo, M., Vartiainen, T., Hakulinen, T. et al., 1995, Archives of Environmental Health; 50(4) p264-276

 

Cancer of the pancreas and drinking water: a population-based case-control study in Washington County, Maryland. Ijsselmuiden, C.B., Gaydos, C., Feighner, B., et al., 1992, American Journal of Epidemiology; 136(7) p836-842

 

Drinking water mutagenicity and urinary tract cancers: a population-based case-control study in Finland. Koivusalo, M., Hakulinen, T., Vartianen, T., et al., 1998, American Journal of Epidemiology; 148(7) P704-712

 

Case-control study of bladder cancer and chlorination by-products in treated water (Ontario Canada). King, W.D., Marrett, L.D., 1996, Cancer Causes Control; 7(6) p596-604

 

Bladder cancer in Massachusetts related to chlorinated and chloraminated drinking water: a case-control study. Zierler, S., Feingold, L., Danley, R.A., Craun, G., 1992, Selected papers from the First Annual Meeting of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology, September 13-15, 1989, Science of the Total Environment; 127(1-2) p135-136

 

Bladder cancer, drinking water source and tap water consumption: a case-control study. Cantor, K.P., Hoover, R., Hartge, P., et al., 1992, Selected papers from the First Annual Meeting of the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology, September 13-15, 1989, Science of the Total Environment; 127(1-2) p135

 

Drinking water source and chlorination byproducts. I. Risk of bladder cancer. Cantor, K.P., Lynch, C.F., Hildesheim, M.E., et al., 1998, Epidemiology; 9(1) p21-28

 

Drinking water source and chlorination byproducts. II. Risk of colon and rectal cancers. Hildesheim, M.E., Cantor, K.P., Lynch, C.F., et al., 1998, Epidemiology; 9(1) p29-35

 

Drinking water source and chlorination byproducts in Iowa. III. Risk of Brain Cancer. Cantor, K.P., Lynch, C.F., Hildesheim, M.E., et al., 1999, American Journal of Epidemiology; 150(6) p552-560

 

Meta-analysis of studies on individual consumption of chlorinated drinking water and bladder cancer, Villanueva CM, Fernandez F, Malats N, Grimalt JO, Kogevinas M., J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003 Mar;57(3):166-73.

 

Disinfection byproducts and bladder cancer: a pooled analysis, Villanueva CM, Cantor KP, Cordier S, Jaakkola JJ, King WD, Lynch CF, Porru S, Kogevinas M., Epidemiology. 2004 May;15(3):357-67.